云原生（二十二） | Kubernetes 篇之 Ingress 案例实战

Ingress 案例实战

一、基本配置

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1kind: Ingressmetadata:  name: itlanson-ingress  namespace: defaultspec:  rules:  - host: itlanson.com    http:      paths:      - path: /        pathType: Prefix        backend:  ## 指定需要响应的后端服务          service:            name: my-nginx-svc  ## kubernetes集群的svc名称            port:              number: 80  ## service的端口号

• pathType 详细：
• Prefix：基于以 / 分隔的 URL 路径前缀匹配。匹配区分大小写，并且对路径中的元素逐个完成。 路径元素指的是由 / 分隔符分隔的路径中的标签列表。 如果每个 p 都是请求路径 p 的元素前缀，则请求与路径 p 匹配。
• Exact：精确匹配 URL 路径，且区分大小写。
• ImplementationSpecific：对于这种路径类型，匹配方法取决于 IngressClass。 具体实现可以将其作为单独的 pathType 处理或者与 Prefix 或 Exact 类型作相同处理。

ingress 规则会生效到所有按照了 IngressController 的机器的 nginx 配置。

二、默认后端

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1kind: Ingressmetadata:  name: itlanson-ingress  namespace: defaultspec:  defaultBackend:  ## 指定所有未匹配的默认后端    service:      name: php-apache      port:         number: 80  rules:  - host: itlanson.com    http:      paths:      - path: /abc        pathType: Prefix        backend:          service:            name: my-nginx-svc            port:              number: 80

效果

itlanson.com 下的 非 /abc 开头的所有请求，都会到 defaultBackend

非 itlanson.com 域名下的所有请求，也会到 defaultBackend

nginx 的全局配置

kubectl edit cm ingress-nginx-controller -n  ingress-nginx

编辑配置加上

data: 配置项: 配置值 所有配置项参考

https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/configmap基于环境变量带去的

三、路径重写

Rewrite - NGINX Ingress Controller

Rewrite 功能，经常被用于前后分离的场景

• 前端给服务器发送 / 请求映射前端地址。
• 后端给服务器发送 /api 请求来到对应的服务。但是后端服务没有 /api 的起始路径，所以需要 ingress-controller 自动截串

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1kind: Ingressmetadata:  annotations:  ## 写好annotion  #https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/rewrite-target: /$2  ### 只保留哪一部分  name: rewrite-ingress-02  namespace: defaultspec:  rules:  ## 写好规则  - host: itlanson.com    http:      paths:      - backend:          service:             name: php-apache            port:               number: 80        path: /api(/|$)(.*)        pathType: Prefix

四、配置 SSL

TLS/HTTPS - NGINX Ingress Controller

生成证书：（也可以去青云申请免费证书进行配置）

$ openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout ${KEY_FILE:tls.key} -out ${CERT_FILE:tls.cert} -subj "/CN=${HOST:itlanson.com}/O=${HOST:itlanson.com}"kubectl create secret tls ${CERT_NAME:itlanson-tls} --key ${KEY_FILE:tls.key} --cert ${CERT_FILE:tls.cert}## 示例命令如下openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout tls.key -out tls.cert -subj "/CN=it666.com/O=it666.com"kubectl create secret tls it666-tls --key tls.key --cert tls.cert

apiVersion: v1data:  tls.crt: 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  tls.key: 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: Secretmetadata:  creationTimestamp: "2022-06-10T12:06:22Z"  name: it666-tls  namespace: default  resourceVersion: "2264722"  uid: 16f8a4b6-1600-4ded-8458-b0480ce075batype: kubernetes.io/tls

配置域名使用证书

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1kind: Ingressmetadata:  name: itlanson-ingress  namespace: defaultspec:  tls:   - hosts:     - itlanson.com     secretName: itlanson-tls  rules:  - host: itlanson.com    http:      paths:      - path: /        pathType: Prefix        backend:          service:            name: my-nginx-svc            port:              number: 80

配置好证书，访问域名，就会默认跳转到 https

​

五、限速

Annotations - NGINX Ingress Controller

apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1kind: Ingressmetadata:  name: ingress-222333  namespace: default  annotations:  ##注解    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/limit-rps: "1"   ### 限流的配置spec:  defaultBackend: ## 只要未指定的映射路径    service:      name: php-apache      port:        number: 80  rules:  - host: it666.com    http:      paths:      - path: /bbbbb        pathType: Prefix        backend:          service:            name: cluster-service-222            port:              number: 80

六、灰度发布-Canary

以前可以使用 k8s 的 Service 配合 Deployment 进行金丝雀部署。原理如下

缺点：

• 不能自定义灰度逻辑，比如指定用户进行灰度

现在可以使用 Ingress 进行灰度。原理如下

## 使用如下文件部署两个service版本。v1版本返回nginx默认页，v2版本返回 11111apiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata:  name: v1-service  namespace: defaultspec:  selector:    app: v1-pod  type: ClusterIP  ports:  - name: http    port: 80    targetPort: 80    protocol: TCP---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata:  name:  v1-deploy  namespace: default  labels:    app:  v1-deployspec:  selector:    matchLabels:      app: v1-pod  replicas: 1  template:    metadata:      labels:        app:  v1-pod    spec:      containers:      - name:  nginx        image:  nginx---apiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata:  name: canary-v2-service  namespace: defaultspec:  selector:    app: canary-v2-pod  type: ClusterIP  ports:  - name: http    port: 80    targetPort: 80    protocol: TCP---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata:  name:  canary-v2-deploy  namespace: default  labels:    app:  canary-v2-deployspec:  selector:    matchLabels:      app: canary-v2-pod  replicas: 1  template:    metadata:      labels:        app:  canary-v2-pod    spec:      containers:      - name:  nginx        image:  registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lanson_k8s_images/nginx-test:env-msg

七、会话保持-Session 亲和性

https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/#session-affinityhttps://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/user-guide/nginx-configuration/annotations/#session-affinity

第一次访问，ingress-nginx 会返回给浏览器一个 Cookie，以后浏览器带着这个 Cookie，保证访问总是抵达之前的 Pod；

​

## 部署一个三个Pod的Deployment并设置ServiceapiVersion: v1kind: Servicemetadata:  name: session-affinity  namespace: defaultspec:  selector:    app: session-affinity  type: ClusterIP  ports:  - name: session-affinity    port: 80    targetPort: 80    protocol: TCP---apiVersion: apps/v1kind: Deploymentmetadata:  name:  session-affinity  namespace: default  labels:    app:  session-affinityspec:  selector:    matchLabels:      app: session-affinity  replicas: 3  template:    metadata:      labels:        app:  session-affinity    spec:      containers:      - name:  session-affinity        image:  nginx

编写具有会话亲和的 ingress

### 利用每次请求携带同样的cookie，来标识是否是同一个会话apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1kind: Ingressmetadata:  name: session-test  namespace: default  annotations:    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/affinity: "cookie"    nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/session-cookie-name: "itlanson-session"spec:  rules:  - host: it666.com    http:      paths:      - path: /   ### 如果以前这个域名下的这个路径相同的功能有配置过，以最后一次生效        pathType: Prefix        backend:          service:            name: session-affinity   ###            port:              number: 80