正文翻译
The Soviet unx Defeated Germany in World War II - Not the Western Forces
苏联在第二次世界大战中击败了德国，而不是西方军队0
President Donald Trump claimed last week that the US and Britain had won World War II. This was a shameless lie and distortion of the facts.
唐纳德·特朗普总统上周宣称美国和英国赢得了第二次世界大战，这是无耻的谎言，是歪曲事实。0
Many Americans and Canadians like to believe their nations won the war in Europe and give insufficient recognition to the decisive Soviet role. Most Europeans would rather not think about the matter. By contrast, Russians know that it was their soldiers who really won the war. They remain angry that their military achievements are ignored by American triumphalists and myth-makers.
许多美国人和加拿大人喜欢相信他们的国家赢得了欧洲战争，而对苏联的决定性作用没有给予足够的认可，大多数欧洲人宁愿不去考虑这个问题。
相比之下，俄罗斯人知道真正赢得战争的是他们的士兵，他们对于自己的军事成就被美国夸耀主义者和谣言制造者所忽视感到愤怒。0
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Let’s do the numbers. The Soviet armed forces destroyed 507 German divisions and 100 allied Axis divisions (according to Soviet figures). These latter included the pan-European Waffen SS whose largest numbers came from Belgium, Holland, Scandinavia, Italy, Romania, Hungary, Finland and a division from Spain.
让我们来算算数，苏联武装部队摧毁了507个德国师和100个同盟轴心国师 ( 根据苏联的数字 )，后者包括泛欧武装党卫军，其最大数量来自比利时、荷兰、斯堪的纳维亚、意大利、罗马尼亚、匈牙利、芬兰和西班牙的一个师。0
Soviet military historians claim their forces destroyed 77,000 enemy planes, 48,000 enemy tanks and armored vehicles. The Red Army accounted for 75-80% of Axis casualties in World War II.
In the process, 1,710 Russian cities, 70,000 towns and villages, 31,850 factories and 1,974 collective farms were destroyed. Add 84,000 schools, 43,000 libraries and 65,000 km of railway.
苏联军事历史学家证实他们的军队摧毁了77000架敌机，48000辆敌人的坦克和装甲车，第二次世界大战中，红军占轴心国伤亡人数的75-80% ，在这个过程中，1710个俄罗斯城市，70000个城镇和村庄，31850个工厂和1974个集体农庄，以及84000所学校，43000所图书馆和65000公里铁路被摧毁。0
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Today, seven decades later, we are barraged with films and reports about Germany’s concentration camps while Stalin’s far more extensive and lethal gulag is ignored. Roosevelt spoke warmly of Stalin as “Uncle Joe.” Churchill kept silent.
70年后的今天，我们看到了关于德国集中营的电影和报道，而斯大林更为广泛和致命的古拉格集中营却被忽略了，罗斯福热情地称斯大林为“乔大叔”， 丘吉尔保持沉默。0
When American, British and Canadian troops landed at Normandy in June, 1944, they met Germany forces that had been shattered on the Eastern Front and bled white. Under strength German units had almost no gasoline and were low on ammunition, tanks and artillery.
1944年6月，当美军、英军和加军在诺曼底登陆时，遇到的是在东线被打得血流成河、支离破碎的德军，兵力不足的德军部队几乎没有汽油，弹药、坦克和火炮都很匮乏。0
Equally important, the Allies had absolute air superiority over the Western European battlefields. Under strength German units could only move at night – when they could find fuel. By 1944, both Germany and Japan were crippled by a calamitous lack of fuel. Planes could not fly, tanks and trucks could not move, and warships were forced to stay in port.
同样重要的是，盟军在西欧战场上拥有绝对的空中优势，在兵力不足的情况下，德国部队只能在夜间行动——当他们能找到燃料的时候。
到了1944年，德国和日本都因为灾难性的燃料短缺而陷入瘫痪，飞机无法飞行, 坦克和卡车无法移动，军舰被迫停留在港口。0
The reason Germany had no air cover at Normandy was because most of the once potent Luftwaffe had been destroyed on the Eastern Front, its best pilots killed, and aviation fuel scarce. Germany’s advanced ME262 jet fighter that should have swept the skies was grounded because of fuel shortages.
德国之所以在诺曼底没有空中掩护，是因为大部分曾经强大的德国空军已经在东线被摧毁，最好的飞行员阵亡，航空燃料匮乏，德国的先进的 ME262喷气式战斗机本应横扫天际，但由于燃料短缺而停飞。0
Had Germany’s Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe not been largely destroyed in Russia, the Normandy D-Day invasion would likely have been pushed into the Channel.
如果德国的国防军和德国空军没有在俄罗斯被大规模歼灭，诺曼底登陆很可能会被反推到英吉利海峡，英国可能在1944年6月之前就被入侵了。0
Britain may have been invaded well before June, 1944. Hitler’s foolish notion that Germany and the British Empire should be allies saved the beaten British Army in France in 1940, allowing it to escape across the Channel while leaving its French allies in the lurch.
1940年，希特勒愚蠢地认为德国和大英帝国应该成为同盟，这拯救了在法国被打败的英国军队，使其得以越过英吉利海峡，同时让它的法国盟友陷入困境。0
By the time the Allies established themselves in France, they outnumbered degraded German forces by 2:1. At least 67,000 German soldiers died in the Normandy operation. In a heartbreaking but little-known statistic of war, 6.7 million German horses were killed on both fronts.
当同盟国在法国建立自己的势力时，他们的人数已经以2 : 1的比例落后于德国军队，至少有67000名德国士兵在诺曼底登陆行动中丧生，一个令人心碎但鲜为人知的战争统计数据显示，670万德国马匹在这两条战线上被杀。0
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By April, 1944, Germany still maintained 214 divisions on the Eastern Front facing the advancing Soviet and just 60 divisions (mostly under strength, many only brigades in reality) on the Western Front.
到1944年4月，德国在东线上仍然保持着214个师，以对抗前进中的苏联，在西线上仅有60个师 ( 大部分兵力不足，许多师实际上只是旅 ) 。0
At that time, both Roosevelt and Churchill lavished praise and thanks on the Soviet unx, admitting its “gigantic effort” in defeating Hitler’s Germany. Today, however, we have chosen to forget who really won the war in Europe.
当时，罗斯福和丘吉尔都对苏联大加赞赏和感谢，承认苏联为击败希特勒的德国付出了“巨大的努力”。 然而，今天，我们选择忘记谁真正赢得了欧洲的战争。0
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On 9 Aug, 1945, the Soviets unleashed one of the war’s largest campaigns. Some 1.57 million Red Army troops in 89 divisions, backed by 27,000 guns, 5,500 tanks, and 3721 warplanes stormed south in a giant, 2,500-km long arc from Outer Mongolia to Korea. Soviet tank armies raced across desert, mountain ranges and forests in a giant pincer movement that enveloped Japan’s Manchurian-based 600,000-man, 25 division Kwantung Army.
1945年8月9日，苏联发动了这场战争中规模最大的战役之一，在27000门大炮、5500辆坦克和3721架战机的支援下，89个师、157万红军从外蒙古向南突袭，形成了一个长达2500公里的巨大弧形包围圈，苏联坦克部队以巨大的钳形攻势迅速穿越沙漠、山脉和森林，包围了驻扎在东北的60万人、25个师的关东军。0
In only eleven days of blitzkrieg, the once-feared Kwantung Army – Japan’s largest – was crushed. Soviet forces reached Port Arthur in northern China, much of Manchuria and right up to Korea’s 38th parallel. Five years later, a proxy war between the US and Soviet unx would begin over divided Korea.
在仅仅十一天的闪电战中，曾经令人畏惧的日本最大的关东军被击溃，苏联军队到达了中国北方的旅顺港，满洲的大部分地区，直到朝鲜半岛的三八线，5年后，美苏之间就朝鲜半岛分裂展开了一场代理人战争。0
The shattering of the Kwantung army is believed by some historians to have contributed to Japan’s surrender. Other historians suggest that America’s use of two nuclear weapons against Japan was a hasty effort to make it surrender before the Red Army landed in Japan.
一些历史学家认为，粉碎关东军是日本投降的原因之一，其他历史学家认为，美国之所以对日本使用两枚核武器是为了让日本在红军登陆日本之前投降。0
While making it plain that the western democracies have no kudos for Soviet leader Stalin, and disapprove of Vladimir Putin’s machination in Ukraine and Crimea, it should still have been possible to acknowledge the mighty Soviet contribution to our victory in World War II. At the very least, Russia’s valiant soldiers deserve a sharp salute from us. They defeated Nazi Germany and saved many of our men from death.
尽管西方民主国家明确表示，对苏联领导人斯大林没有好感，也不赞成弗拉基米尔 · 普京在乌克兰和克里米亚的阴谋，但我们还是必须承认苏联对我们在第二次世界大战中的胜利所做的巨大贡献，至少，我们应该向英勇的俄罗斯士兵致以敬意，他们击败了纳粹德国，拯救了我们许多人的性命。
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评论翻译
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Dutch Boy
Seeing as Germany posed no threat to either Britain or the USA, their participation at all was ill-advised, at least. I recall James Burnham’s satirical descxtion of America’s WWII crusade: “A war against totalitarianism in alliance with the principal totalitarian power.”
鉴于德国对英国或美国都不构成威胁，他们的参与至少是不明智的。
我还记得詹姆斯伯纳姆对美国第二次世界大战的讽刺描述：“与主要极权主义国家联合进行的一场反对极权主义的战争。”0
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Ahem says:
Yes, Trump’s claim was based on his near complete ignorance of what happened in WWII. However, a quote from Nikita Khrushchev’s memoirs should also be taken into account by Mr. Margolis:
“I would like to express my candid opinion about Stalin’s views on whether the Red Army and the Soviet unx could have coped with Nazi Germany and survived the war without aid from the United States and Britain. First, I would like to tell about some remarks Stalin made and repeated several times when we were “discussing freely” among ourselves. He stated bluntly that if the United States had not helped us, we would not have won the war. If we had had to fight Nazi Germany one on one, we could not have stood up against Germany’s pressure, and we would have lost the war. No one ever discussed this subject officially, and I don’t think Stalin left any written evidence of his opinion, but I will state here that several times in conversations with me he noted that these were the actual circumstances. He never made a special point of holding a conversation on the subject, but when we were engaged in some kind of relaxed conversation, going over international questions of the past and present, and when we would return to the subject of the path we had traveled during the war, that is what he said. When I listened to his remarks, I was fully in agreement with him, and today I am even more so.”
The number of Lend Lease transport vehicles alone, about 11,000, capable of handling the Soviet unx’s terrible road system were of great significance in that without them Soviet ground forces would be incapable of engaging anything resembling a war of maneuver.
特朗普的说法是基于他对二战中发生的事情几乎一无所知，然而，作者也应该考虑到尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫回忆录中的这段话：
“ 对于斯大林关于红军和苏联是否能够在没有美国和英国援助的情况下应对纳粹德国并在战争中幸存下来的观点，我想表达我的坦率意见。
首先，我想谈谈斯大林在我们“自由讨论”的时候说过和重复过几次的话，他坦率地说，如果美国不帮助我们，我们就不会赢得这场战争，如果我们被迫与纳粹德国进行一对一的战斗，我们不可能顶住德国的压力，我们就会输掉这场战争。
从来没有人正式地讨论过这个问题，我也没有斯大林留下了任何书面证据来证明他的观点，但是我要在此声明，在与我的几次谈话中，他注意到这些都是实际情况，他从来没有特意谈论过这个话题，但是当我们进行一些轻松的谈话，回顾过去和现在的国际问题，当我们回到我们在战争中走过的路这个话题时，他是这么说的，我听到他的讲话时，我完全同意他的意见，今天更是如此。”
单是租借法案运输工具的数量——大约11,000辆——就足以应付苏联可怕的道路系统，其意义重大，因为没有这些工具，苏联地面部队就无法进行任何类似于机动战的战争。0
Orville H. Larson
“When American, British and Canadian troops landed at Normandy in June, 1944, they met Germany forces that had been shattered on the Eastern Front and bled white. Under strength German units had almost no gasoline and were low on ammunition, tanks and artillery.”
And despite this, it took the Allied armies ten weeks to break out of Normandy. Why?
The excellence of the German Army, that’s why. British historian Max Hastings, in his study “Overlord: D-Day, June 6, 1944,” quotes the findings of Colonel Trevor N. Dupuy, USA:
“On a man for man basis, the German ground soldier consistently inflicted casualties at about a 50% higher rate than they incurred from the opposing British and American troops UNDER ALL CIRCUMSTANCES. This was true when they were attacking and when they were defending, when they had a local numerical superiority and when, as was usually the case, they were outnumbered, when they had air superiority and when they did not, when they won and when they lost.”
“1944年6月，当美军、英军和加军在诺曼底登陆时，遇到的是在东线被打得血流成河、支离破碎的德军，兵力不足的德军部队几乎没有汽油，弹药、坦克和火炮都很匮乏。”
—— 尽管如此，盟军还是花了十个星期才突破诺曼底，为什么？德国军队的优秀，这就是为什么。
英国历史学家马克斯 · 黑斯廷斯在他的研究《 霸主: 诺曼底登陆日，1944年6月6日》中引用了美国特雷弗 · N· 杜普上校的发现：
“ 在一对一的基础上，德国地面部队在任何情况下造成的伤亡都比敌对的英美部队高出50% ——无论他们是进攻还是防守，是数量上占优还是数量上劣势，有空中优势还是没有空中优势，是赢还是输。”0
Wielgus
A German soldier in a documentary I watched actually described trying to deal with frozen fuel in a tank by chipping at it with a bayonet, perhaps 20 miles from Moscow.
If you want to see it as denigrating the Red Army to point out that the Germans could not keep their tanks running in winter, feel free. The winter hurt both sides, sure. However the Soviets seem to have acted like winter existed, while the Germans thought the colossus in the east would be finished before the first snowfall.
War is to a large extent about logistics, and so deep in the USSR the Germans could no longer supply their troops, while Soviet supply lines were greatly shortened, although letting the Germans so deep into the country was the result of defeats rather than a master plan.
我看过一部纪录片，有一个德国士兵描述了这样的情景：在离莫斯科20英里的地方，他试图用刺刀切割坦克上冰冻的燃料。
如果你想把它看成是在诋毁红军，来指出德国人无法在冬天保持他们的坦克运转，请自便，冬天对双方都造成了伤害，这一点是肯定的，然而，苏联似乎表现得好像为冬季而生，而德国人却认为东方的巨无霸会在第一场雪之前就会被消灭。
战争在很大程度上讲究的是后勤保障，如此深入苏联，德国人无法再为他们的部队提供补给，而苏联的补给线大大缩短，德国人如此深入苏联是失败的结果，而不是一个总体计划。0
LondonBob
There were some top level German units deployed in Normandy like the SS Panzer divisions, Das Reich was transferred from the East. Supreme Commander West was one of the great commands to hold, by the end of the Battle of Normandy Army Group B had been annihilated, Twenty seven infantry divisions destroyed and seven panzer divisions reduced to shells, half million dead or captured.
The RAF broke the Luftwaffe in the Battle of Britain and the Royal Navy was never seriously challenged by the Kriegsmarine. The Italians had been reduced as a fighting force in 40-41 by General Richard O’Connor’s campaigns in North Africa, in Operation Compass British and Australian forces advanced over 800 miles (1,300 km), destroyed an entire Italian army of ten divisions, taken over 130,000 prisoners, 400 tanks and 1,292 guns at the cost of 500 killed and 1,373 wounded, forcing Germany to send the Africa Korps.
US and British Empire forces continued to occupy large numbers of German forces in North Africa and Italy throughout the rest of the war.
Not to forget the importance of Western supplies to the Red Army.
德国在诺曼底部署了一些顶尖部队，比如党卫军装甲师，“帝国师”（Das Reich），是从东线调来的，最高指挥官韦斯特是最重要的指挥官之一，诺曼底战役结束时B集团军被歼灭，27个步兵师被摧毁，7个装甲师被歼，50万人死亡或被俘。
英国皇家空军在不列颠战役中击溃了德国空军，皇家海军也从未受到纳粹海军的严重挑战，40-41年，意大利人的战斗力已经被理查德-奥康纳将军在北非的战役所削弱，在 "指南针行动 "中，英军和澳军推进了800多英里（1300公里），歼灭了意大利10个师的全部军队，俘虏了13万多人，俘虏了400辆坦克和1292门火炮，代价是500人死，1373人伤，迫使德国派出非洲军团。
美国和大英帝国军队在整个战争的余下时间里，继续在北非和意大利牵制了大量的德军。
另外，不要忘了西方物资对红军的重要性。0
Big Daddy
Having read Mr. Margolis’ accurate comments over the years I must at least partially disagree here.Great Britain and America gave Stalin slightly over 1/3 of all wheeled vehicles in the Soviet Army.
I was privileged to have a neighbor who was a Hungarian survivor of a Soviet prison camp and escapee from Hungary in 1956.. He said EVERYTHING in the camp in WWII was American made or food from America. Britain gave the Soviets 15,000,000 pairs of boots alone!
Stalin, Kruschev, Beria and other Soviets stated that they would have lost without Western aid.
What is disturbing is FDR’s and Churchill’s bizarre policies. If Poland were solved Hitler was going to retire. Read Goebbels diary. And why was the USA and Britain siding and aiding Stalin anyway?
A sinister outlook was that Churchill was bought and sold by Rothchild interests after bailing him out from ruin in 1938. FDR’s family changed its name from Rosenberg in the 1850’s. On his mother’s side it was Delano, also Jewish. 34 of FDR’s top 40 advisors were Jews, a 6 billion to one shot in America at that time.
When Churchill thought the war ending thrust was to go up the Balkans and keep Stalin somewhat at bay, Stalin and FDR laughed at him and he scurried away.
Just a quick mention of the massive air power diversion Hitler had to use defending Germany from Allied bombing.
我读马戈利斯先生（作者）已有多年，作者的大部分评论都是准确的，但就这篇文章，我不得不表示至少部分地不同意。
英国和美国输送了斯大林苏联军队中1/3以上的轮式车辆。
我有一个邻居，他是1956年苏联战俘营的匈牙利幸存者，也是匈牙利的逃亡者，他说二战时集中营里的所有东西都是美国制造的，甚至食品都是美国的，光是英国就给了苏联15,000,000双靴子！！
斯大林，赫鲁晓夫，贝利亚和其他苏联人都说，如果没有西方的援助，他们就会输。
令人不安的是罗斯福和丘吉尔的离奇政策， 如果波兰问题得到解决，希特勒就会退位（参见戈培尔日记），那美国和英国为什么要支持和援助斯大林呢？
一个险恶的前景是，丘吉尔被罗斯柴尔德（Rothchild）利益集团收买了（1938年罗斯柴尔德把他从崩溃中拯救出来），罗斯福的家族在19世纪50年代把名字从罗森博格（Rosenberg）改为罗斯福（Roosevelt），他母亲那一边是Delano，也是犹太人，罗斯福的前40名顾问中，有34名是犹太人，这在当时的美国是60亿对1的比例。
当丘吉尔认为战争的最终目的是向巴尔干半岛进发，在一定程度上牵制斯大林时，斯大林和罗斯福嘲笑了他，他匆匆离开了。
另外，简单提一下，希特勒为了保卫德国免受盟军轰炸而不得不进行的大规模空军转移。0
peter mcloughlin
If we are to avoid a third world war it is essential we are truthful about history, as Eric Margolis argues. It is important to remember that what followed World War II, the Cold War, was a time of peace (or relative peace). Since 1991 we have been moving toward a state of total war. The period 1945-1991 is near its end and just like the 19th century Concert of Europe finally collapsed in 1914, and Treaty of Versailles in 1939, we are on the precipice of yet another global catastrophe.
如果我们要避免第三次世界大战，就必须如埃里克·马戈利斯（作者）所说的那样，诚实地讲述历史。
重要的是要记住，第二次世界大战之后的冷战是一个和平（或相对和平）的时期。
1991年以来，我们一直在走向全面战争的状态，1945年至1991年这一时期已经接近尾声，就像1914年欧洲19世纪的欧洲协调终于在1914年崩溃，以及1939年的凡尔赛条约一样，我们正处于又一次全球灾难的边缘。
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